Nelson's last signal at Trafalgar: "England expects every man to do his duty." Note that two- or three-flag combinations make up every word except for "duty" which had to be spelled out. The flag shorthand was code devised by Sir Home Popham and Nelson's advantage over the combined French and Spanish fleets. Nelson's fleet could pass his orders down the line far more quickly than could the French & Spanish because of the shorthand, and thus Nelson could order his ships into a line-up to deliver broadsides to the enemy.